Amylin
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP)
Overview
Amylin is a 37-amino-acid peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells in response to meals. It plays a complementary role to insulin in glucose regulation by suppressing glucagon secretion slowing gastric emptying and reducing food intake through central satiety mechanisms. Pramlintide (Symlin) is an FDA-approved synthetic amylin analog used alongside insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Amylin research has expanded significantly with the discovery that amylin analogs may have utility in obesity treatment and as complements to GLP-1 receptor agonists for enhanced weight loss.
Mechanism of Action
Amylin acts through the amylin receptor — a complex of the calcitonin receptor with receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) expressed in the hypothalamus brainstem and peripheral tissues. In the pancreas amylin suppresses glucagon secretion from alpha cells reducing hepatic glucose output — an effect complementary to insulin's action on peripheral glucose uptake. In the stomach amylin slows gastric emptying reducing the rate of glucose absorption from meals. In the hypothalamus and area postrema amylin activates satiety circuits reducing meal size and caloric intake. The combination of glucagon suppression gastric slowing and central satiety makes amylin a comprehensive post-prandial glucose regulator. Long-acting amylin analogs including cagrilintide are in Phase 3 trials combined with semaglutide showing additive weight loss exceeding 25% of body weight.
Where does Amylin sit?
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Dosage Information
Typical Dose
15-120 mcg per meal (pramlintide)
Frequency
With each major meal
Administration
Subcutaneous injection immediately before meals
Notes
FDA-approved pramlintide must be used with insulin. Native amylin reference only — see pramlintide for therapeutic use. Nausea is the primary limiting side effect managed by gradual dose titration.
Compound Data
Molecular Formula
C165H261N51O55S2
Molecular Weight
3903.30 g/mol
IUPAC Name
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-16-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-19-[[(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]-7,13-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-10-methyl-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]pentanediamide
PubChem CID
16132430Potential Side Effects
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Quick Facts
- Administration
- Subcutaneous injection immediately before meals
- Typical Dose
- 15-120 mcg per meal (pramlintide)
- Frequency
- With each major meal
- References
- 0 curated + 49 from PubMed
- Clinical Trials
- 48 registered
- Evidence Score
- 80.0 / 100