GHK-Cu

Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex

AI explanation

GHK-Cu is a tiny protein fragment that your body naturally makes and uses as a kind of cellular repair signal, but here's the catch – you produce less and less of it as you age. Think of it as your body's own maintenance crew supervisor that becomes less available over time. People use GHK-Cu supplements and creams because they want to restore those youthful repair signals that helped keep their skin firm and their healing fast when they were younger.

When you apply or take GHK-Cu, it acts like a master key that unlocks multiple repair processes in your cells. The copper part is crucial – it's like the battery that powers the whole system. Once it gets to work, GHK-Cu tells your skin cells to start pumping out fresh collagen and elastin, which are the proteins that keep your skin bouncy and smooth. But here's what's really fascinating: researchers have discovered that GHK-Cu actually reprograms your cells at the genetic level, switching thousands of genes back toward more youthful patterns. It's as if it's teaching your older cells to remember how to behave like young cells again, reducing inflammation while boosting your natural repair and cleanup systems.

Dosage Information

Typical Dose

Topical: 1-3% concentration. Systemic: 1-2 mg

Frequency

Topical twice daily. Systemic once daily or every other day.

Morning or evening

Administration

Topical serum or cream (primary use). Subcutaneous injection (systemic research use).

Half-Life

~2 hours

estimated

Notes

Topical application is the primary evidence-based use with the most clinical data. Systemic injectable use is less studied. Ensure adequate copper status but avoid excessive copper supplementation alongside GHK-Cu.

Why this matters

Topical application maintains local skin levels; systemic half-life is short.

Protocol cycle

continuous· No cycling protocol specified in dosage data

Dose Calculator

Calculate your draw amount for an insulin syringe (U-100)

Concentration: 2,500 mcg/mL

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020406080100

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Where does GHK-Cu sit?

See how this peptide compares across all 150 peptides in our database.

Evidence Score

0.34

Clinical trials
0.0035%
Literature
0.7630%
Community
0.0020%
Completeness
0.7515%
3 RCTs7 reviews

Compound Data

GHK-Cu structure

Molecular Formula

C28H46CuN12O8

Molecular Weight

742.30 g/mol

IUPAC Name

copper bis((2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoate)

PubChem CID

9831891

Potential Side Effects

Topical: skin irritation in sensitive individuals (uncommon)Systemic: injection site reactions (uncommon)Copper accumulation with excessive long-term systemic use (rare)
Pep Talk

GHK-Cu discussions

Quick Facts

Administration
Topical serum or cream (primary use). Subcutaneous injection (systemic research use).
Typical Dose
Topical: 1-3% concentration. Systemic: 1-2 mg
Frequency
Topical twice daily. Systemic once daily or every other day.
References
0 curated + 88 from PubMed
Evidence Score
0.3 / 100

Frequently Asked Questions about GHK-Cu

What is GHK-Cu?

GHK (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma saliva and urine that declines significantly with age — from 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL at age 60. It is one of the most extensively studied peptides for skin rejuvenation wound healing hair growth and anti-aging applications with over 50 years of research. GHK-Cu promotes collagen and elastin synthesis resets gene expression toward more youthful patterns and has systemic effects beyond skin. It is widely used in premium cosmeceuticals and increasingly studied for systemic injectable applications.

How does GHK-Cu work?

GHK-Cu exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms. The copper complex stimulates the synthesis of collagen elastin and proteoglycans in dermal fibroblasts activating the TGF-β signaling pathway. It promotes angiogenesis and stem cell activation in wound healing contexts. Most remarkably genome-wide gene expression studies have shown that GHK-Cu treatment resets the gene expression profile of aged skin cells toward patterns more resembling young cells — affecting over 4000 genes involved in inflammation antioxidant defense DNA repair and protein homeostasis. GHK-Cu also modulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system to improve protein quality control and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in neurological disease models. The copper binding is essential for its biological activity as the free tripeptide GHK without copper has significantly reduced potency.

What is the recommended dosage for GHK-Cu?

The typical dose is Topical: 1-3% concentration. Systemic: 1-2 mg. Topical twice daily. Systemic once daily or every other day.. Administration: Topical serum or cream (primary use). Subcutaneous injection (systemic research use).. Topical application is the primary evidence-based use with the most clinical data. Systemic injectable use is less studied. Ensure adequate copper status but avoid excessive copper supplementation alongside GHK-Cu.

What are the side effects of GHK-Cu?

Topical: skin irritation in sensitive individuals (uncommon). Systemic: injection site reactions (uncommon). Copper accumulation with excessive long-term systemic use (rare)

What is the GHK-Cu cycle protocol?

GHK-Cu is typically cycled continuous. No cycling protocol specified in dosage data

Questions reflect common community inquiries. This is not medical advice.