Gut HealthWell-evidencedHuman trials

GLP-2

Glucagon-like Peptide-2

Overview

Glucagon-like Peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an endogenous intestinotrophic hormone produced by L-cells in the intestinal mucosa that promotes gut epithelial growth repair and function. A synthetic analog teduglutide (Gattex/Revestive) is FDA-approved for short bowel syndrome — making GLP-2 one of the few gut peptides with regulatory approval. GLP-2 is increasingly studied for intestinal permeability leaky gut inflammatory bowel disease and mucosal healing applications. It represents the most targeted peptide intervention for gut epithelial health currently available.

Mechanism of Action

GLP-2 acts through a specific receptor (GLP-2R) expressed predominantly on intestinal enteroendocrine cells and enteric neurons. Receptor activation stimulates crypt cell proliferation and inhibits enterocyte apoptosis increasing the surface area and absorptive capacity of the small intestinal mucosa. GLP-2 upregulates tight junction proteins including claudin and occludin that maintain the intestinal barrier reducing intestinal permeability. It also stimulates intestinal blood flow promotes nutrient absorption and has anti-inflammatory effects through reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the gut wall. In short bowel syndrome GLP-2 treatment reduces the need for parenteral nutrition by dramatically improving the remaining intestine's absorptive function. The intestinotrophic effects are specific to the gastrointestinal tract with minimal systemic anabolic effects distinguishing it from GLP-1.

Where does GLP-2 sit?

See how this peptide compares across all 85 peptides in our database.

Dosage Information

Typical Dose

0.05 mg/kg daily (clinical), 100-200 mcg (research protocols)

Frequency

Once daily subcutaneous injection

Administration

Subcutaneous injection

Notes

FDA-approved teduglutide dose is 0.05 mg/kg daily for short bowel syndrome. Research use for leaky gut and IBD uses lower doses. Requires medical supervision for clinical indications.

Compound Data

GLP-2 structure

Molecular Formula

C165H254N44O55S

Molecular Weight

3766.10 g/mol

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]butanedioic acid

PubChem CID

71300624

Potential Side Effects

Injection site reactions (common)Abdominal pain (common)Nausea (common)Intestinal obstruction risk in patients with strictures (uncommon but serious)Colorectal polyp growth with long-term use — requires colonoscopy monitoring

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Quick Facts

Administration
Subcutaneous injection
Typical Dose
0.05 mg/kg daily (clinical), 100-200 mcg (research protocols)
Frequency
Once daily subcutaneous injection
References
0 curated + 47 from PubMed
Clinical Trials
48 registered
Evidence Score
80.0 / 100