Klotho
Alpha-Klotho Protein Fragment
Overview
Klotho is a longevity-associated protein named after the Greek goddess who spins the thread of life. Mice lacking the klotho gene show dramatic premature aging while overexpression extends lifespan by 20-30%. Circulating klotho levels decline significantly with age and low klotho is associated with increased cardiovascular disease cognitive decline kidney disease and overall mortality in humans. Research into klotho supplementation as a therapeutic strategy for aging and age-related disease has generated enormous scientific and commercial interest though the peptide is still primarily in preclinical and early clinical stages.
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Mechanism of Action
Klotho functions through multiple mechanisms. As a co-receptor it modulates FGF23 signaling regulating phosphate and vitamin D metabolism which affects kidney function bone mineralization and cardiovascular health. As a circulating hormone klotho inhibits multiple aging-associated pathways including insulin/IGF-1 signaling Wnt signaling and TGF-β mediated fibrosis. It activates antioxidant response through Nrf2 and reduces oxidative stress in multiple tissues. In the brain klotho promotes synaptic plasticity reduces neuroinflammation and supports cognitive function — klotho levels correlate with cognitive performance across the lifespan in humans. Klotho also modulates the renin-angiotensin system improving cardiovascular and renal function. A single injection of soluble klotho protein has produced cognitive improvements lasting weeks in aged mice suggesting remarkable potency.
Dosage Information
Typical Dose
No established human dosing — research compound
Frequency
N/A
Administration
Intravenous or subcutaneous injection (research)
Notes
Klotho supplementation in humans is not yet available commercially. Clinical trials are in early stages. This entry documents the research context for this important longevity protein.
Potential Side Effects
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Quick Facts
- Administration
- Intravenous or subcutaneous injection (research)
- Typical Dose
- No established human dosing — research compound
- Frequency
- N/A
- References
- 0 curated + 11 from PubMed
- Clinical Trials
- 1 registered
- Evidence Score
- 23.2 / 100