Pentosan Polysulfate
Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium (PPS)
Overview
Pentosan Polysulfate is a semi-synthetic polysulfated xylan derived from beechwood hemicellulose. It is FDA-approved (brand name Elmiron) for interstitial cystitis (bladder pain syndrome). In regenerative medicine, it is increasingly used for osteoarthritis and joint health due to its chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
Mechanism of Action
PPS has multiple mechanisms: it inhibits complement activation and histamine release, stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage, inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade cartilage, and restores the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer of the bladder wall. It also has mild anticoagulant properties and promotes synovial fluid production in joints.
Dosage Information
Typical Dose
100 mg
Frequency
2 times per week
Administration
Subcutaneous, intramuscular, or oral
Notes
FDA-approved oral dose for interstitial cystitis is 100mg three times daily. Injectable use for joint health is typically 100mg twice weekly IM/SubQ. Veterinary use (Adequan) is well-established for equine joint disease. Treatment courses are typically 4-8 weeks.
Potential Side Effects
Research References
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