MOTS-c
Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c
Overview
MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the mitochondrial genome. Discovered in 2015 by researchers at USC, it functions as a mitochondrial signaling molecule that regulates metabolic homeostasis. It has been called an "exercise mimetic" due to its ability to activate AMPK and improve insulin sensitivity.
Mechanism of Action
MOTS-c activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), the master cellular energy sensor, promoting glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation. It targets the folate-methionine cycle, affecting one-carbon metabolism and cellular methylation patterns. Under metabolic stress, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus where it regulates nuclear gene expression — a remarkable example of mitochondrial-nuclear communication.
Dosage Information
Typical Dose
5-10 mg
Frequency
3 times per week
Administration
Subcutaneous injection
Notes
Typically dosed 3-5 times per week. Can be administered pre-exercise for enhanced metabolic effects. Research is still emerging and optimal dosing protocols are being refined. Store reconstituted peptide in refrigerator.
Potential Side Effects
Research References
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Quick Facts
- Administration
- Subcutaneous injection
- Typical Dose
- 5-10 mg
- Frequency
- 3 times per week
- References
- 2 studies